Fresh onions are a great addition to most salads, meat and other dishes, regardless of the season. Its juicy leaves and aroma give the dishes a taste and perfectly replenish their vitamin complex. You can grow greens from a variety of varieties, both well-known and quite exotic. About how to plant onions on a feather, the features of planting different types of onions for personal use and for sale, read in this review.

Did you know? Shallots are used by folk medicine to treat diseases of the organs of vision and stomach.

The best varieties of onions on greens

The bow on the feather is quite versatile. Green, thin, long feathers are used in raw, fried, boiled form. They are crispy and juicy at the same time. Their cultivation is available to everyone: in a container on a windowsill, in a garden, in a summer house in open ground or in a greenhouse, on fields on an industrial scale.

From the point of view of the end user, the bow on the feather is almost the same. But it is not so. It differs in pen height, productivity, vegetation period. To understand which onions can be planted, what the crop will be, and how quickly you can count on it, you should read the general information about each of them.

The main varieties of onions on the feather:

1. Batun (duodenum, Tatar) - characterized by the same height of greenery, can be cut several times a season, reaching a yield of 4 kg / m². This perennial grows throughout Europe.
2. Schnitt (chisel, speed, sibunets) - the owner of a pen with a height of almost 0.5 m, with a very delicate aroma and taste. The yield of chives is 3–3.5 kg / m². It grows in temperate zones around the world.
3. Leek - the owner of thin, garlic-like leaves with a very delicate taste. It can produce crops up to 2 kg / m², it is grown everywhere, but prefers warmer regions.
4. Shallot - characterized by powerful leaves, it is more rigid, but with better productivity - up to 5 kg / m². It grows in areas with warm climates and mild winters.
5. Slime - This is a native of Mongolia, whose wide flat leaves make him look like a flower. In our country, this type of onion is not too common.
6. Tiered (horned, viviparous, Egyptian) onions are also not often found on the shelves due to the curved shape of the pen. Another unique feature of this species is the formation of a nest of small bulbs on the flower arrow instead of the seeds familiar to us. Distributed in China.

Different types of onions will be grown approximately the same. But if you grow onions for sale, then in order to make a decision about planting a particular species, you should choose a more productive species, with good transportation properties.

Parade

The parade is represented by the Dutch company BEJO ZADEN B.V. and is a representative of the onion-batun. The variety has existed for a long time, but despite this, it is annually included in the official catalog of the company due to its properties:

• high productivity - 4.2 kg / m²;
• very thin, but resistant to deformation of the pen;
• uniform feather mass (up to 60 cm high).

The parade does not form an onion and is sold only in the form of a feather. Its growing season is 60 days. The variety is resistant to rifle and bulb diseases. Its dark green leaves have a pleasant peninsular taste and delicate onion aroma. Suitable for use in raw form and in the preparation of various dishes.

Important! In the summer, after the air temperature rises above + 27 ° C, the onion-batun falls into a kind of hibernation. To force him to continue growing, they practice watering the beds with cold water in the evening.

Totem

Variety Totem is also a representative of onion-batun. The characteristic inflated shape of the leaves served for the emergence of another name for this onion - duodenum. Unlike Parade, Totem has an onion. The leaf mass can reach a height of 1 m.

The main properties of the totem variety:

• productivity - up to 4 kg / m²;
• a lush leaf outlet with lots of feathers;
• the feather can be very high, but it is not very good for presentation, so it is cut off before it reaches its maximum height;
• taste - slightly sharp, similar to onions;
• resistance to temperature extremes and bulb diseases.

The growing season of the Totem is 60 days. The variety is not susceptible to shooting and lodging. Belongs to cold-resistant varieties and can be grown in the northern regions. The producer of the variety is the Japanese company Sakata Seeds.

Slime

Slime onion is an exotic perennial that came from Central Asia. Onions also grow well in temperate climates, right up to Eastern Siberia. You can eat all its parts: leaves and a false bulb. The plant forms a leaf rosette of 6-8 leaves 30-60 cm long, which during flowering is supplemented by several flower arrows. Juicy fleshy leaves reach a length of 20–25 cm and a width of up to 2.5 cm. They are quite large. When cutting a leaf, you may notice that a clear viscous mucus stands out at the place of the cut, from which the name of the onion is probably derived.

A socket outlet consists of one or more bulbs. They form around a thick rhizome, gradually spreading in the ground. As the number of shoots increases, so one plant can form up to 500 shoots at a time. In our country, this species is often grown as an ornamental plant. Despite the fact that the slime is not too common, this bow deserves attention. It is valued in cooking, and is also a good honey plant and has medicinal properties. Young leaves can grow on the plant year-round (except for the winter dormant period). This is convenient if you use a greenhouse to grow. Slug leaves retain their delicate texture and do not coarsen. Their juicy structure is characterized by a pleasant aroma of onion and good taste. The yield of this species reaches 4 kg / m².

Another feature of this onion is that it belongs to frost-resistant varieties and tolerates frosts well up to -30 ° C. And even young bushes do not get damaged if the frost reaches -5 ...- 7 ° С.

Important! During a drought, the leaves of the mucus become hard and bitter, and the yield of green mass is significantly reduced.

Sowing seeds in the soil is carried out in the earliest spring. A single-row scheme of sowing seeds with row spacing of 60–70 cm is practiced. When 2-3 leaves appear, crops are thinned to a distance of 10–15 cm between individual plants.For reproduction, 2-3-year-old plants are used, which are divided into individual bulbs. Depending on the strength of the bush, you can parse it into 10–20 individual bulbs. The older the plant, the more of them. Transplantation rules are typical: autumn is carried out in September, and early spring - in March or early April. Transplant technology involves pruning the roots and leaves of plants that are transplanted. This should accelerate the rooting of the onion and save strength for further development.

Skoroda

Skoroda is another name for chives. "Schnitt" in translation from German means "cut off", therefore, another of its names is Rezan. Chives are an evergreen perennial. It can grow in one place for many years. The plant is a small green bush with numerous thin leaves with a height of 10 to 60 cm. Leaves of a fanciful shape, pointed up. In frosty winters, leaves can die, but this does not prevent the root system from wintering. And in the spring you will definitely see new shoots.The breed is characterized by a mild flavor and garlic aroma. The plant is used both in decorative floriculture and in the form of greenery. Sowing seeds of this onion occurs in March or April. To propagate chives, you can sow new seeds or just plant the existing onion bush, dividing it into several parts.

Leek

Leek is an extremely hardy plant, almost not susceptible to disease, which can yield crops even when other types of onions on a feather are not able to grow normally. It tolerates frosts and even snow, which makes the cultivation of this species very profitable. The earliest leek varieties can be sown from the end of winter, while others from mid-spring. Planting seedlings will help to get earlier crops.

Leek, or pearl onion, is also a perennial that grows in wild and cultural forms. Leek differs from other species in the form of stem formation. Instead of forming a dense onion, he creates a long cylinder of tufts of leaves that resemble weaving braids. Each sheet as if leaves another. The leaves are wide, flat, tightly wrapped, turn into a dense white stem. The diameter of the stem is 2–5 cm. It can reach a height of 0.9 m. The species does not form a bulb. It is considered the sweetest and softest of all varieties of green onions.

Important! Despite the fact that leek is tolerant to a wide range of soil types, it grows best on moist, light soil that was heavily fertilized with rotted manure last year. If you fertilize the soil before planting, the leaves will be coarse and stiff.

The choice of a place for sowing may depend on the fact that it is a perennial and does not need to be excavated for the winter, so choose any area where there will be enough sun and a quick removal of excess moisture is provided. But if you grow onions in the same place year after year, then the risk of contracting pests or diseases increases.

Summer and autumn leek varieties are sown for seedlings in containers from mid-February to mid-April. With them you can harvest until mid-August. Autumn varieties are planted until mid-May. Late winter varieties are planted in seedlings in May to plant them in the ground in June.Sow the seeds of leeks at a distance of 2.5 cm from each other. Germination should take about 14–20 days. As they grow, crops are thinned out to give a place for development to stronger bushes. Ripening of leeks may take from 25 to 40 weeks, depending on the time of year when the sowing takes place.

The choice of growing method

Onions are represented by both perennials and annuals. Annuals form seeds that are planted next year in the ground and get a new crop.

The perennial forms a flower arrow and by the end of the growing season the seeds ripen on it. For the characteristic black color, they are called nigella. By planting them in the ground, you get small bulbs - sevok. Of these, ordinary large bulbs will grow next year.

To accelerate the development of plants, several types of planting are practiced:

• by season: spring and autumn;
• for planting material: planting in soil with seeds / sowing or seedlings;
• local: in a greenhouse or in open ground.

Each method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, take into account the climatic features of the region, the ultimate goals of cultivation and the characteristics of a particular type of onion.

Did you know? The heaviest bulb was grown by Tony Glover (Great Britain). She weighed 8.5 kg. The giant bulb was presented at the North Yorkshire flower show in September 2014.

From seed

Sowing annual varieties of onions is performed twice. The first time they perform winter sowing in order to start harvesting in early spring, and the second time - in May-June, in order to provide themselves with greenery until late autumn.

Onions are considered frost-resistant plants, so you can start spring sowing seeds a month before the end of soil frost. Onions can germinate at a temperature of +1 ... + 30 ° C. For planting, you need to select a site and prepare it.Site and soil requirements:

• the site should be sunny;
• if the soil is clay, then it must be diluted with sand in order to soften and create conditions for the development of roots;
• if there is no way to make the soil more loose, then select a section at an angle to provide quick removal of excess moisture from the roots;
• apply fertilizer to the soil: rotted manure, turfy soil, compost (fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the trenches into which the onions will be planted);
• the correct acidity of the soil is 6.5–7 pH, but if the soil is too acidic, then you can add dolomite flour or chalk 2 weeks before the expected planting of crops in future beds.

Having prepared the soil, you need to make shallow grooves up to 3 cm deep and add seeds there. The distance between them should be at least 2–4 cm. Between the trenches - at least 7 cm. Lightly cover them with soil and moisten well.

Did you know? Onions have been consumed by humans for more than 7 thousand years. Traces of onions were discovered by archaeologists in settlements dating back to the Bronze Age.

The advantages of this planting are that you just sow onions and harvest when it is ready. Seeds will follow the natural requirements: to germinate when the time comes, timely acclimatize, grow and ripen. In addition, most varieties of onions on a feather do not form bulbs, are annuals, and this is the only way to grow them.

From sevkov

Sevoc is an indispensable part of the life cycle of onions. Preparing the soil for planting with the seed does not differ from the soil for seeds. You need:

1. Dig up the area to remove emerging weeds and their roots, as well as make the soil more loose.
2. Add humus, compost or other organic fertilizers to the soil.
3. Make landing grooves up to 3 cm deep.
4. Plant sowing to a depth of 2-3 cm with a distance of 10-12 cm between the bulbs.
5. Check that the tops of the bulbs are visible from the ground.
6. Water the bed.

Bulb planting in the ground

Landing is carried out as soon as the soil warms up a little. This will happen in March or early April. Make sure that the air temperature does not fall below -1 ° C. Choose a sunny area with loose and nutritious soil. Onions consume a lot of nutrients, so fertilizing the earth is a must.

Landing can be performed:

• tape method with a distance between bulbs of 4 cm, and between rows - 20 cm;
• by bridgein which the onions touch closely.

Since the onion is grown on a feather, and not for obtaining bulbs, the bridge method will be more rational.

Pour a 2-3 cm thick soil layer on the bulbs. Add mulch next to the beds: this will help maintain moisture in the soil and prevent weed growth.

Did you know? Chives help digestion, relieve indigestion and prevent bad breath.

Optimal timing

If you practice winter sowing, then sowing is carried out in November or December, depending on the climate zone. At this time, the bulbs are at rest, and the main criterion for planting is unfrozen, soft, peeled soil.

Spring planting of sevka takes place in March, 3 weeks before the last spring freeze. As soon as the soil warms up enough, the bulbs will grow, and the time before that will be used for rooting.

Bed preparation

When planting perennials, be sure to ensure that the site is well-drained. To do this, practice inclined beds. The tilt is done artificially or use a site located at an angle. This is especially important in winter. If the melted snow lingers on the site, the root system of the perennial will die from excess moisture.

In the fall, dolomite flour or lime can also be added to deoxidize the soil (if pH & gt; 7). The rate of lime application is 300 g / m².Soil acidity can be measured using a special device or strips that are sold in flower shops.

The main onion pests are in the soil. These are nematodes and insect larvae. In late autumn, they are inactive. If you conduct a deep digging of the soil, then some of the pests will be raised closer to the surface and will have time to die during winter frosts.In spring, the easiest and cheapest way to get rid of pests is to warm the soil. You can water future beds with boiling water, thereby destroying another part of the pests. Improving the process can cover the beds with polyethylene. The soil under it warms up faster, prompting pests to rise to the surface. Processing the prepared soil with boiling water will be several times more effective.

A week before planting, the soil is also treated with chemicals designed to destroy pathogenic microflora. Often used drugs "Baikal-Em-1", "Fitosporin" and others. When processing the soil, follow the instructions on the package for the drug.

When applying rotted manure as a fertilizer, the norm is used - 3 kg / m². Additionally introduced 1 tbsp. l superphosphate and wood ash. When humus is added, the norm will be 6 kg / m².

Did you know? The ancient Greeks believed that onions strengthen the strength and dexterity of athletes, so participants in the ancient Olympic Games always ate a lot of onions before the competition.

Preparing planting material

Prepare seed for growing:

1. Choose small onions without external damage.
2. Clean exfoliated flakes. They do not affect the development of the plant, but beneath them may be various bacteria or pest eggs.
3. Treat the seeds in warm water with salt (500 g per 10 liters of water) for 24 hours to kill the nematodes.
4. Spend processing for an hour in a solution of potassium permanganate 3% to destroy spores of fungi.

Plant care

Onion care is the easiest of all types of vegetables. March spring soil contains enough moisture. If you have fertilized during planting and made the soil loose, then you practically do not need to do anything. In a couple of weeks, after the sowing has taken root, it will be necessary to provide for:

• watering - once a week;
• loosening and removing weeds - a day after watering;
• fertilizer - 2 times: the first in the phase of 3 leaves, the second in the phase of 5-8 leaves.

Watering and feeding

The root system of the bulb is very small and is located no deeper than a few centimeters. This feature must be taken into account when watering.

The basic irrigation rules are as follows:

• you need to water the battle if the soil looks dry;
• watering should be regular (about 1 time per week), since irregularity leads to cracking of the bulbs;
• watering should be to a depth of 3-5 cm, not more so as not to wash nutrients deep into the soil, beyond the reach of the root system of the onion;
• irrigate in the root zone so as not to provide moisture to growing weeds;
• water the onion in the morning so that the moisture is absorbed and the bulb is less in contact with water.

Do not water the beds in the evening. This contributes to the development of putrefactive microorganisms. At the end of the growing season, stop watering if you see that the tops of the greenery have begun to turn yellow.

Did you know? Most onions in the world are consumed in Libya. Every year, about 34 kg of onion is consumed per Libyan.

The composition of fertilizers necessary for any plant includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. They are necessary for the implementation of the following tasks:

• nitrogen is required for the development of roots and leaves;
• phosphorus - for rooting and bulb formation;
• potassium - for photosynthesis and enhance cell metabolism.

The first time onions are fed when 3-5 leaves are formed. During this period, it is necessary to create conditions for the formation of bulbs. The process is ensured by photosynthesis and the accumulation of nutrients from the soil. Use fertilizer from urea at this stage (1 tbsp. Per 10 liters of water). You can also add 1 tbsp. potash fertilizer.

Video: Feeding onions from yellowing and pests

A second feeding will be needed for the intensive formation of greenery. It is carried out in the phase of 5-8 leaves. Use potassium monophosphate (1 tbsp fertilizer per 10 liters of water). Timely application of fertilizers provides a high yield and high-quality product characteristics.

Tillage and tillage

The purpose of loosening is to soften the soil so that the roots can "breathe", as well as the destruction of the root system of weeds. The small root system of the onion does not allow it to compete in the struggle for nutrients with weeds that have more powerful roots. By removing them, you provide useful plants with nutrition, and yourself with a crop.

They cultivate the soil after each watering. Loosen to a depth of 5 cm so as not to damage the roots of the onion. If it rains, then loosening is necessary as soon as the soil dries out a bit after rain.Moisture helps remove weeds more easily. Upright plants are pulled out with the root, and creeping roots are cut with secateurs, since it is quite difficult to completely pull them out of the ground.

To prevent the appearance of weeds, mulching aisles is used. It can be organic material (straw, sawdust) or inorganic (agrofibre, spanbond). Coating material also prevents pests from entering the soil and drying out the soil.

Did you know? According to ancient English belief, if the onion crop is obtained with a thick peel, then the winter will be harsh and very cold.

Preventive measures against diseases and pests

Thanks to the early spring planting, the onion does not suffer from pests. But given the fact that it is grown on the feather in the summer, you need to take action on time. Near the crops set traps for insects (adhesive tape). This will help to spot pests before plantation damage. After the detection of insects, the crops are treated with insecticides.Before starting onion planting, the following actions are also carried out:

• deep autumn digging of the soil to destroy pests;
• compliance with crop rotation rules, because some pests are able to persist in the soil for several years;
• mandatory seed treatment with fungicides to protect against bacteria and viruses;
• soil treatment with fungicides a week before planting onions in the beds;
• removal of tops and the remains of organic matter after harvesting.

Harvesting and storage

Collecting onions on a feather consists in timely cutting of green mass. Pruning is carried out with sterile scissors so as not to bring bacteria into the plants through the places of cuts. Start cutting from the outer leaves and move inward to the center of the bush. Always leave a 5 cm leaf plate. The leaves grow quickly and can be cut up to 4 times during the entire growing season.

Perennials planted from seeds do not touch until July of the first year. This is necessary so that the plant can take root well. In late spring, perennials begin to bloom. If you grow plants for food, then the flowers should be removed as early as possible. They limit the formation of new leaves.Growing onions on a feather, you need to consider that most varieties do not form bulbs, so after the greens fade, you only need to clear the beds if these were annuals. In perennial varieties, the upper dry part is simply cut off. This allows the plant to accumulate more nutrients in the roots for the next growing season.

Did you know? It is believed that onion juice prevents hair loss, so it is recommended to rub the onion into the scalp or make masks for those who have problems with hair loss.

Seed collection depends on whether the planted onion was a hybrid or variety. Hybrids are formed by manufacturers of maternal varieties through complex processes, including gene modifications. The collected seeds will not be able to repeat the properties of the plant that grew on the garden all season, but will reproduce one of the parent varieties, so they are not collected, but bought new from the same company.

For the varieties that form the bulb, you will need:

1. Stop watering as soon as you see that 75% of the green has turned yellow.
2. Leave the onions to ripen in the beds for 2 weeks.
3. Dig and dry the bulbs in a dry, ventilated area for the next 2 weeks.
4. Put the bulbs in the storage boxes.
5. Store in a dry, ventilated room with an air temperature not exceeding + 10 ° C.

Harvest is necessary in sunny dry weather. In case it rains, just postpone the harvest for several days. If the onion does not fade for a long time due to rain, raise the bulbs by the tops (rupture of the roots stimulates wilting).

When planting onions, keep in mind that the crop much more often depends on the quality of the planting material, and not on what conditions you have provided the onion for development. Purchase material only from trusted companies. Large seed producers annually publish catalogs with detailed information about their seeds. High-quality seed and compliance with basic care measures guarantee you high yields.