When choosing a variety of a fruit tree for planting on its own site, it is necessary to take into account not only the taste characteristics of the fruit, yield and other commercial qualities, but also such a thing as regionalization, that is, climatic conditions suitable for growing this species.

Residents of the middle strip of the European part of Russia are always easier to choose the appropriate option than gardeners in colder regions, but they should also give preference to varieties with good winter hardiness.

Pear Miracle, which will be discussed in this review, satisfies this requirement and has many other advantages that deserve attention.

Breeding History and Variety Breeding Region

Miracle - a very young variety. It was bred in the Tambov region on the basis of the State Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants named after I. V. Michurina ”, which, as you know, is the oldest selection-genetic fruit school in the Russian Federation.The authors of the variety - S.P. Yakovlev, A. Gribanovsky, N. Saveliev, E.N. Dzhigadlo and V. Chivilev - set themselves the goal of obtaining a high-yielding and frost-resistant pear, ideal for growing in the middle zone of the European part of Russia. To this end, scientists crossed the Dawn of Dawn and the Talgar beauty.

Did you know? The amazing abilities of I. Michurin are legendary. They say that a great breeder could revive a dying plant by simply talking to him; guard dogs never barked at a scientist, and birds easily sat on his palm.

The hybrid obtained as a result of such an experiment acquired from the first of its “parents” fertility, as well as the aroma and fine-grained structure of pear pulp; from the second, in addition to winter hardiness, - a characteristic elongated shape and amber color of the fruit.

In the State Register of Plants of the Russian Federation, Wonderland was included in 2004 (the application was filed three years earlier) and recommended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth region as a winter variety of pear.

In addition to Russia, where this variety is distributed primarily in the Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh and Yaroslavl regions, Miracle Maker has also taken root well in neighboring countries, in particular in Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

Description and characteristic

Traditionally, the description of any variety of fruit tree includes the botanical characteristics of the tree, as well as the commercial quality of the fruit, because both play a role in deciding whether to plant a plant in their area.

Tree description

The Miracle Tree is distinguished by the following features:

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Fruit Description

Among the features of Pearls of the Wonderland variety, it is necessary to highlight the following main points:

The timing of flowering and fruiting

Like other pears in the autumn ripening season, the Miracle Maker begins to bloom around the beginning of May, when the likelihood of late spring frosts is already low. Harvest reaches technical ripeness at the beginning of September, biological - after about 2 weeks.Usually pears of this variety are removed green and left to ripen for 30 days. This allows you to protect the crop from shedding and extend its shelf life.

A young seedling begins to bear fruit in about the fifth year after planting, which is considered a good indicator for a pear, and, with good care, it can last for 5–7 decades.

Grade stability

Miracle has excellent winter hardiness. During breeding tests, the tree was frozen in laboratory conditions to a temperature of -38 ° C, which is practically unrealistic for the middle band, to which the variety is oriented.

The result was very impressive: the cortex and the main tissues of Miracles did not suffer from frost at all, and the educational tissue (the so-called cambial layer) was only slightly affected.

Important! The claimed characteristic of the variety as winter-hardy caused the attempts of some gardeners to plant the Miracle Woman in regions with obviously more severe winters than the authors of the variety planned. The experiments were unsuccessful: pear wood was severely damaged by frost.

Good immunity Miracle also has fungal diseases and pests; in particular, scab, rust and pear tinnitus - the worst enemies of the orchard - almost never hit this variety.

The resistance of the tree to adverse weather conditions is another merit of the authors of Wonderland.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

• Among the unconditional advantages of the pear Miracle Maker, gardeners note:
• unpretentiousness to soil composition and weather conditions;
• compact tree;
• high winter hardiness;
• resistance to diseases and pests;
• consistently high productivity without periodicity in bearing;
• early onset of fruiting;
• tree durability while maintaining yield indicators;
• suitability of the crop for long-term storage;
• universal purpose of the fruit.

• The disadvantages of the variety include:
• shredding of fruits in the absence of their rationing;
• a tendency to thickened crowns (rapid growth of small shoots);
• relatively low taste characteristics;
• lack of self-fertility (it is necessary to plant together with pollinators).

Features of planting seedlings of pear varieties Wonderland

Planting any fruit tree must be approached with great responsibility, because, in contrast to annual crops, fruiting in this case will have to be expected for a very long time, which means that mistakes made at the very beginning will cost the gardener much more.

Timing and seat selection

Pear should be planted in an open, well-lit and heated place, preferably in the south side of the site. In this case, the tree will be protected as much as possible from the north winds, which are especially dangerous for it in the first years of life.

It should not be allowed that the soil in the place chosen for planting is waterlogged, so groundwater, if it lies too close to the surface of the earth, must first be diverted.

The soil composition for Miracle does not matter, however, on heavy clay soil or alkaline earths, the tree takes root and does not develop well. The best option is chernozem, sandstone or loam with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.

Miracle - a tree is very compact, so it will be enough to provide a distance between it and other tall plants within 4-5 m.

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As for the planting dates, two options are possible here: spring, about mid-April, or autumn, after the leaves fall.Experienced gardeners consider the second option to be more preferable, since it allows the seedling to take root sufficiently to the point where its aboveground part begins to actively develop and require a large amount of nutrients.

Preparing the site and seedlings for planting

Before you start planting a tree, the selected area must be cleaned of stones, debris, weeds. Then you can begin to prepare the pit. It is always necessary to prepare it in advance, so that the earth at the bottom has time to “grow” with the necessary microorganisms and, thus, become more suitable for the developing root system.

You do not need to dig a hole too large for a pear; approximately 70–80 cm deep and approximately the same size in diameter are sufficient. The only exceptions are cases when the land on the site is swamped: in such a situation, the pit needs to be deepened and a drainage made of broken brick, stones or screenings laid at its bottom.

The land extracted when digging a hole is divided into two parts - the fertile upper and the infertile lower. When planting, only the first part will be used, the second can be immediately removed from the site or used for work not related to agriculture.To enrich the soil with necessary nutrients and bring to the desired volume, the earth is mixed with the following additional components:

• compost or rotted manure - 30–40 l;
• double superphosphate - 500 ml;
• ammonium nitrate - 250 ml;
• potassium salt - 125 ml;
• wood ash - 500-700 ml.

Another point that must be taken into account when preparing the site for planting is the presence of pollinators.

Important! The miracle woman does not belong to self-fertile pears, which means that in the absence of neighboring trees blooming in the same period of time, the gardener will not wait for a good harvest of pears.

Verified pollinators for Miracle are the following varieties of pears:

• Memory of Yakovlev;
• Extravaganza;
• Daughter of dawn;
• Talgar beauty.

The process of planting young seedlings

When the pit and the soil for the seedling are prepared, the planting process is not particularly difficult and step by step looks like this:

1. Form a hill of 2-3 buckets of fertile soil at the bottom of the pit.
2. Drive a wooden support for a seedling in the center of the hill.
3. Set the seedling on the north side of the hill, pointing the place of vaccination to the south and carefully spreading the root processes on the slopes.
4. Fill the pit with earth to the level when the root neck of the seedling remains 5-6 cm above the ground.
5. Tamp the ground around the seedling.
6. Snap a tree to a support.
7. Pour 2-3 round buckets of the warmed-up circle with a little warm and previously defended water, let it soak into the soil.
8. Add the required amount of earth until the root neck is flush with the surface.

The rules for the care of pear variety Miracle

Caring for an unpretentious Wonderland is not particularly difficult, but this does not mean that the planted tree will grow and bear fruit without the participation of a gardener.

Cropping and shaping the crown

The botanical feature of the Wonderland variety is the very intense growth power of young shoots, which is why they begin to interfere with each other, and the pear does not tolerate shading of the crown.

Therefore, timely and regular pruning must be carried out, especially since a running pear can always be very difficult to put in order: on the one hand, cardinal pruning can adversely affect the crop this year (the pear is going through such a procedure quite hard), and on the other - after of such an event, a tree literally before our eyes is overgrown with numerous tops (shoots that do not give fruit), which have to be constantly removed.

Important! Tree pruning is best done at the end of winter or early spring (before the start of active sap flow), choosing a dry and sunny day for this. Experts also recommend that this event be carried out in the waning moon phase, since at this time the aerial part of the plants practically does not develop.

The formation of the Miracle is best done in a tiered way. To do this, starting from the third year of life, the seedling begins to create the right skeleton according to the following scheme: approximately at the same level from the ground, 2-3 strongest side branches are distinguished, directed in different directions at an obtuse angle, and the remaining processes are removed.Next year, daughter branches are formed in the same way on the lateral processes, and over time, the second and all subsequent tiers of new lateral shoots are selected on the trunk, selected according to the same principle. The distance between the tiers should be at least 50 cm.

In addition to forming, for pears it is also necessary to carry out sanitary and anti-aging pruning. The first involves the removal of all spinning tops, as well as frozen, dried, damaged and interfering branches. It is necessary to cut off those branches that grow at an acute angle to the trunk - they, as a rule, do not bear fruit well.

Rejuvenating pruning is performed in adult trees, the crown of which grows so much that it is already impossible to reach its upper branches. In this case, all branches are simply shortened to the required length.

Watering frequency

Adult fruit trees do not need frequent watering.

Critical moisture requirement for a pear only three times during the season:

1. In the spring, when the vegetation processes start after hibernation (however, at this time the soil is usually quite moist after the snow melts and spring rains, so you need to water the tree only after a snowless winter and an arid spring).
2. After flowering, during the formation of the ovaries and laying the future harvest.
3. In late autumn, when strong soil moisture is intended to protect the root system from hypothermia in dry frozen ground.

The amount of water is calculated as follows:

The indicated parameters are conditional and calculated without taking into account the initial soil moisture, therefore in practice they can be adjusted downward.

As for young seedlings, for them the summer drought can be a difficult test; on the other hand, they do not need special watering at the ripening stage.

So before the tree enters the fruiting phase, it needs to be watered as the soil dries up, remembering that poor, shallow watering of trees does not reach its goal, since water does not penetrate deep enough into the soil, but stagnation of moisture in the earth is detrimental to the root system young tree.

Fertilizer Scheme

Fertilizers under a pear can begin to be applied no earlier than a year after planting. Traditionally, spring enrichment with nitrogen should be planned, in the fall fertilizer should be potassium and phosphorus. Organics can be introduced both in spring and autumn, under deep digging.However, an excess of fertilizer for a pear is no less dangerous than its lack, therefore, experienced gardeners advise to carry out such procedures not every year, but every 2 years for organics and potash fertilizers, once every 4 years - for phosphate fertilizers.

Important! Nitrogen is necessary for the tree during the first 3 years after planting, then the amount of this element in top dressing should be drastically reduced.

The amount of mineral fertilizers per 1 m² of area (the root system of an adult pear covers an area of ​​about 8 m², in a four-year-old tree this figure is half as much) is determined by the following standards:

In general, it is believed that the ratio of the main nutrients for a pear should be determined by the formula:

• nitrogen - 3 parts;
• potassium - 4;
• phosphorus - 1.

Prevention and protection against pests and diseases

Even those varieties of trees that have the highest immunity can be affected by various diseases and pests, especially if you do not take care of the garden. In particular, the Miracle Maker, like other pears, can suffer from such misfortunes:

There are two traditional ways of combating diseases and pests of the orchard - treatment of an already arisen problem and preventing its occurrence. The first method, although it involves a point reaction to a specific pathogen, is still considered less effective, because:

1. Usually it involves the use of potent drugs (fungicides, insecticides, acaricides), while preventive measures can be provided with the use of less toxic agents, including biological ones, that do not harm any living creature except the pathogen against which they are directed.
2. The development of the main fungal diseases and the attacks of the most dangerous pests occur at certain times, determined by the biological cycle of development of the corresponding pathogen, and, as a rule, these periods occur in mid-summer and later periods. Pesticide treatment of a pear, on which ovaries have already formed, in one way or another jeopardizes the safety of eating fruits from this tree.
3. Some diseases, for example, viral ones (mosaic, proliferation, etc.) cannot be treated even with potent pesticides; you can protect yourself from them only with the help of preventive measures.

Prevention of diseases and pests of pears (as well as other fruit trees) includes two sets of measures: treating the tree with special preparations and performing sanitary-technical works aimed at eliminating the conditions favorable for the propagation of pests and pathogens of infections.

Did you know? It is impossible to calculate the exact number of pear varieties and hybrids existing in the world, but it is known that this number has already exceeded three thousand.

Preventive spraying of the tree can be carried out in spring and autumn, and spring treatment should ideally be carried out in three stages - at the very beginning of sap flow, immediately before flowering and immediately after its completion. Among the drugs that enhance the immunity of the tree and effectively protect it both from pests and from fungal and other diseases, high efficiency is shown by:

• urea (urea);
• Bordeaux liquid;
• copper sulfate;
• inkstone;
• colloidal sulfur.

For the same purpose, you can use other chemicals with systemic fungicidal and insecticidal effects - for example, such as "Clean Garden", "Skor", "Topaz", "HOM", etc.

However, such substances have a fairly high toxicity, so it is much better to use modern biological protection products, for example:

• Nemabakt;
• Fitoverm;
• Planriz;
• Fitosporin-M;
• Trichodermin;
• "Fitodoctor";
• "Pentaphagus";
• "Actofit";
• "Haupsin";
• Mikosan
• "Bitoxibacillin";
• Riverm;
• "Lepidocide."

With regard to sanitary measures, these include, first of all, regular weeding of weeds, which are the accumulators of pathogens and a refuge for pest larvae, immediate removal of fruits that have fallen to the ground from the site, clearing the garden of leaves by leaves, and monitoring the condition of the bark tree, since it is in its cracks that winter and then various parasites breed.

Harvesting and storage

Miracles of the Wonderland variety begin to ripen in the second half of September, but experienced farmers are well aware that in order to extend the shelf life of the crop, you need to collect the fruits about 7-10 days before they reach full ripeness.

Ripening of fruits can be ensured at room temperature, laying the crop in one layer in a shaded place. In this case, the pears will completely “reach” in 2-3 weeks, and their quality will in no way be inferior to those specimens that remained on the tree to a state of biological ripeness.

However, if the owner wants to keep the crop until the middle of winter and even longer, it is better to place the fruits immediately after harvest in a cellar or other place with a temperature from zero to several degrees higher (it is very important that the temperature is relatively constant, without sharp fluctuations, and good air circulation and protection from bright lighting was provided).

Pears should be placed with the stalk up, if possible, ensuring their minimum contact with each other.For even longer storage, Miracles can be dried by previously slicing and slicing for several days in a dry place, after which they are laid out in linen bags, or frozen - this is also crushed before that. In this form, the fruits can remain usable for one to two years.

Important! Hard pears are stored much longer than soft ones. A fruit that has fallen from a tree quickly deteriorates even if no visible damage is observed on it.

Pear Wonderland is a good choice for growing in a temperate zone. Taste qualities of fruits of this variety are not outstanding, but such pears have a universal purpose and can be stored fresh for a long time.

In addition, the tree itself is compact, strong immunity and very good winter hardiness, which makes caring for it simple and not burdensome.